Bows and Arrows were used as hunting tools at least 10,000 years ago. Archery was played as a sport in the Middle Ages as well as being a vital instrument in war. English archers won decisive battles against the French at Crecy (1346) and Agincourt (1415). The Royal Toxopholite (Greek for bow lover) Society was formed in 1787 and developed into the Grand Archery Association in 1844.
Rules and Description
Archery is the art of using a bow to shoot arrows at a target. Archers participate in singles and team competitions. Bows, once made of wood (preferably yew), are now mainly composed of plastic, fibreglass or graphite and carbon composites.
Competitive bows made from wood are termed “primitive”. Arrows are made of carbon graphite or aluminium with feathers at one end. There are three different types of bow: “recurve” or “classic”: compound (a bow augmented with pulleys and cables): and “barebow” (a recurve bow with no sights or stabilizer).
There are tow main types of competition: target archery and field archery. In target archery competitors shoot at circular paper targets attached to an upright coiled straw boss. Points are scored according to how close to the centre an archer hits. From the centre outwards there is a gold inner bull (10 points): gold outer (9), red inner (8): red outer (7): blue inner (6): blue outer (5): black inner (4): balack outer (3): white inner (2): white outer (1). Archers shoot a specified number of arrows over a predetermined variety of distances up to 90m (70m for women).
In field archery competitors move along a course or path aiming at targets, or targets fashioned to look like animals. The World Field Archery Championships is held in three bow divisions (barebow since 1959, recurve or classic since 1969 and compound since 1990).
Competitor Profile
Archers need steady arms, a good aim, and concentration, but these are not the only requirements. Much of the pressure is psychological – the need to hit a cerain score to win may make a target harder to hit than it would be in a practice session.
Equipment and Protection
Nock Lock – A mark on the string indicates the nock point – the point at which the indent in the rear of the arrow should be placed.
Excuse Finger – Leather tabs are worn to protect the first two or three fingers of the drawing hand.
Bowstring – The string is made from high-strength polyethylene fibre.
Accessible Quiver – The arrows are held in a tube worn on the same side as the archers drawing hand, for ease of reloading after every shot.
Stabd Fast – Archers wear sturdy shoes with smooth soles to maximize the area in contact with the ground.
Arm Guard – A brace protects against burns
Bow Shaft – Once universally made from wood, the modern bow is a mixture of carbon fibre and fibreglass, bonded with plastic foam.
Sharpshooter – A protruding metal or plastic rod with a viewfinder at the end is used by the archer to sight on the target.
Steady as she goes – Long or short stabilizers jut forward to increase vertical balance and sideways or in a V-shape to assist horizontal balance.
Row of Officials – Judges check distances and adjudicate any disputes: there should be at least one for every ten targets: Scorers work out the points after each round.
Traffic Lights – Archers may not shoot on red: green means they may fire, amber means they have 30 seconds left.
Flight Control
In FITA tournaments archers have a fixed amount of time to shoot 12 rounds ( a total of 36 arrows) at targets between 30m (98ft) and 90m (295ft) away. Scores are updated sfter six arrows at longer distances and three at shorter distances. An arrow touching two colours or a dividing line scores the higher value, and one that rebounds from or passes through the target counts only if it leaves a clear mark. In the event of a tie, the winner is the archer with the most scoring hits.
Rules and Description
Archery is the art of using a bow to shoot arrows at a target. Archers participate in singles and team competitions. Bows, once made of wood (preferably yew), are now mainly composed of plastic, fibreglass or graphite and carbon composites.
Competitive bows made from wood are termed “primitive”. Arrows are made of carbon graphite or aluminium with feathers at one end. There are three different types of bow: “recurve” or “classic”: compound (a bow augmented with pulleys and cables): and “barebow” (a recurve bow with no sights or stabilizer).
There are tow main types of competition: target archery and field archery. In target archery competitors shoot at circular paper targets attached to an upright coiled straw boss. Points are scored according to how close to the centre an archer hits. From the centre outwards there is a gold inner bull (10 points): gold outer (9), red inner (8): red outer (7): blue inner (6): blue outer (5): black inner (4): balack outer (3): white inner (2): white outer (1). Archers shoot a specified number of arrows over a predetermined variety of distances up to 90m (70m for women).
In field archery competitors move along a course or path aiming at targets, or targets fashioned to look like animals. The World Field Archery Championships is held in three bow divisions (barebow since 1959, recurve or classic since 1969 and compound since 1990).
Competitor Profile
Archers need steady arms, a good aim, and concentration, but these are not the only requirements. Much of the pressure is psychological – the need to hit a cerain score to win may make a target harder to hit than it would be in a practice session.
Equipment and Protection
Nock Lock – A mark on the string indicates the nock point – the point at which the indent in the rear of the arrow should be placed.
Excuse Finger – Leather tabs are worn to protect the first two or three fingers of the drawing hand.
Bowstring – The string is made from high-strength polyethylene fibre.
Accessible Quiver – The arrows are held in a tube worn on the same side as the archers drawing hand, for ease of reloading after every shot.
Stabd Fast – Archers wear sturdy shoes with smooth soles to maximize the area in contact with the ground.
Arm Guard – A brace protects against burns
Bow Shaft – Once universally made from wood, the modern bow is a mixture of carbon fibre and fibreglass, bonded with plastic foam.
Sharpshooter – A protruding metal or plastic rod with a viewfinder at the end is used by the archer to sight on the target.
Steady as she goes – Long or short stabilizers jut forward to increase vertical balance and sideways or in a V-shape to assist horizontal balance.
Row of Officials – Judges check distances and adjudicate any disputes: there should be at least one for every ten targets: Scorers work out the points after each round.
Traffic Lights – Archers may not shoot on red: green means they may fire, amber means they have 30 seconds left.
Flight Control
In FITA tournaments archers have a fixed amount of time to shoot 12 rounds ( a total of 36 arrows) at targets between 30m (98ft) and 90m (295ft) away. Scores are updated sfter six arrows at longer distances and three at shorter distances. An arrow touching two colours or a dividing line scores the higher value, and one that rebounds from or passes through the target counts only if it leaves a clear mark. In the event of a tie, the winner is the archer with the most scoring hits.
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